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THE NEW K-3/4 IMMIGRANT CLASSIFICATION:
A BENEFIT TO SPOUSES OF U.S. CITIZENS AND THEIR CHILDREN

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Ronald Zisman, Esq.
Preshaw & Zisman

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1. LIFE Act

2. Prior to the LIFE Act

3. What K-3 and K-4 Allow

4. Requirements for K-3 and K-4 Visa

5. Procedural Process for K-3 and K-4 Visa

6. Conclusion
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1. LIFE ACT

On August 14, 2001, the INS published comments and regulations (21 pages!) to implement Section 1103 of the Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act. The LIFE Act creates two new visa categories (K-3/4) to alleviate family separation issues.

2. PRIOR TO THE LIFE ACT

Prior to the enactment of LIFE, spouses of U.S. citizens and their children who were beneficiaries of pending or approved immigrant visa petitions could only enter the U.S. with the immigrant visa itself which officially became the 'green card' upon processing at the border. The non-citizen spouse would frequently have to wait for one year or longer for the INS to approve the immigrant petition and the Department of State to issue the immigrant visa. The reason for the separation was that the non-citizen spouse and/or child could not be admitted into the U.S. until after the immigrant visa was issued by the U.S. consulate abroad because she was considered an intending immigrant and could thereby only enter the U.S. upon obtaining an 'advanced parole'. Exemptions do apply to beneficiaries of Intracompany Transferee (L visa) and Specialty Occupations (H visa). But non-exempt spouses were left to the mercy of the INS' uneven adjudication process and applied criteria for advanced parole.

3.   WHAT K-3 & K-4 ALLOW

The K-3 visa allows the spouse of a U.S. citizen to enter the U.S. while awaiting approval of the immigrant visa petition filed with the INS. The K-4 visa is applicable to minor children of such spouses. The K-4 visa applies to children as defined under INA 101 (b) (1) of the Act: They must be under 21 years old and unmarried. Note that in stepparent relationships, the relationship must have occurred before the child reached the age of 18. Thus in some cases, where the step relationship occurs after the child reaches the age of 18 but before the age of 21, the child will qualify for the K-4 visa but not the immigrant visa. Undoubtedly, issues will arise since it may still take a year or longer before the natural parent becomes a lawful permanent resident so that he/she can sponsor their child.

The existing K-1 and K-2 nonimmigrant classifications continue to be limited to a fiancé or fiancée of a U.S. citizen seeking to enter the U.S. to complete the marriage within 90 days of admission.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR K-3/K-4 VISA

The requirements for the K-3/K-4 visa are:

1. The U.S. citizen must be married to the non-citizen spouse.

2. The U.S. citizen spouse must file a Form I-130 visa petition for the spouse. The form is not     initially required for any children but it is recommended that it be filed in any event, especially in     stepchild relationships and in cases where the child is within 2 to 4 years of turning 21.

3. The U.S. citizen spouse must also file and obtain approval of Form I-129F, which is the form     previously utilized for K-1 fiancé applications.

4. The Form I-129F with supporting documentation and proof of filing of the Form I-130 is to be     submitted to:

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
P.O. Box 7218
Chicago, IL 60680-7218

5. The Form I-130 is submitted to the INS Service Center with jurisdiction over the U.S. citizen     spouse.

5. PROCEDURAL PROCESS FOR K-3/K-4 VISA

Upon approval of the Form I-129F, which theoretically will take less time than the I-130, the INS will notify the U.S. Consulate abroad as designated in the petition.

The Consulate will schedule an interview and the beneficiary(s) will be required to provide a completed medical examination on Form I-693. The K-3/K-4 visa will be valid for two years subject to extensions that must include proof that the alien is completing the rest of the application process for lawful permanent residency. A child will be admitted for a period of 2 years or until the day before her/his 21st birthday, whichever is shorter.

The visa holder, in order to work lawfully in the U.S. will also have to apply for Employment Authorization (Form I-765) in the U.S. It may take days to several months to obtain the work authorization depending on the jurisdiction where the application is filed.

The current INS position is that current nonimmigrant aliens in other categories who are present in U.S. will not be able to change from their nonimmigrant status to that of K-3/K-4.

Once the alien is admitted K-3/K-4 status, she must then apply for Adjustment of Status to permanent residency by filing Form I-485 and supporting documentation. A K-4 nonimmigrant must have Form I-130 filed on her behalf by the U.S. citizen parent/stepparent and must also file form I-485. Under some circumstances, it may be faster for the alien to have Form I-130 filed and seek consular adjudication abroad instead of adjustment of status, which occurs in the U.S.

6. CONCLUSION

Undoubtedly, these new visa categories will facilitate the immigration of spouse of U.S. citizens to the United States. Whether the INS and the Consulates will be able to process the applications and visa issuance process in a timely manner remains to be seen.

DISCLAIMER: This discussion is general in nature and is not intended to and does not create a lawyer/client relationship. This discussion should in no way be relied upon or construed as legal advice, particularly since most legal outcomes are highly dependent on the facts of a particular case or situation. This discussion is provided on the condition that it cannot be referred to or quoted in any legal proceeding; if this condition is unacceptable to you, immediately delete this email and do not keep a copy of it in any form. The reader or recipient is strongly urged to consult with a lawyer for legal advice on these matters. Any reliance on the discussion information by someone who has not entered into a written retainer agreement with the lawyer providing the discussion information is at the reader's or recipient's own risk.

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