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I. INTRODUCTION
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These are the major milestones the parties encounter
after a CEQA lawsuit has been filed and served. These milestones do
not necessarily happen in the order listed here, since many of the
steps proceed concurrently.
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II. SETTLEMENT
CONFERENCE
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Not less than 20 days after service of the petition, the respondent
agency must give notice of a settlement conference. Pub. Res. Code
§ 21167.8(a). The settlement meeting is not judicially supervised.
It must be held no later than 45 days after the respondent agency
was served with the petition. Settlement meetings can prove useful
when the petitioner has specific concerns - such as the need for
additional mitigation measures. Failure of any party to participate
in good faith in the settlement process without good cause is sanctionable
by the court.
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III. ADMINISTRATIVE
RECORD
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CEQA cases are generally decided on the basis of the record of
proceedings before the respondent agency. There is usually no discovery
and evidence outside the record of proceedings is ordinarily not
admissible. The petitioner may elect to prepare copies of the record
itself, but the record remains subject to certification by the agency.
The administrative record must include:
(i) all project application materials;
(ii) all staff reports and related documents prepared by the
City and written testimony or documents submitted by any person
relevant to the City’s action on the project, compliance with
CEQA, and any related findings adopted by the City;
(iii) any transcripts or minutes of proceedings at which the
decision-making bodies at the City heard testimony or considered
any environmental document on the project, and any transcripts
or minutes of proceedings before any advisory body that were presented
to the decision-making body prior to taking action on the environmental
documents or the project;
(iv) any other written materials relevant to the City’s compliance
with CEQA and its final decision on the merits of the project
(such as the initial study, copies of studies or other documents
relied upon in any environmental document prepared for the project
and either made available to the public or included in the City’s
files, and all internal City communications, including staff notes
and memoranda related to the project or compliance with CEQA).
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IV. RESPONSE
TO PETITION
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Within 30 days after receipt of the administrative
record, the respondent public agency and any real party in interest
developer must file a response with the court. Such a response most
typically takes the form of an answer, which either admits or denies
each of the material allegations of the petition and sets forth, in
summary fashion, any legal defenses (such as statute of limitations)
that the responding parties may have to the petition. An alternative
initial response is a demurrer, which challenges legal defects apparent
on the fact of the petition or which the court is permitted to judicially
notice.
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V. STATEMENT
OF ISSUES
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Within 30 days from the date the record is certified, the petitioner
must file and serve a statement of issues it intends to raise in
the action. Within ten days after service of this statement, the
respondent public agency and any real party in interest developer
must respond with their own statement or statements of issues they
intend to raise.
The statement of issues provides both sides with an opportunity
to define the issues more clearly. It also provides an opportunity
to eliminate any claims or defenses that were asserted in an abundance
of caution, but which are determined not to be worth pursuing.
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VI. HEARING
& BRIEFING SCHEDULE
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CEQA requires petitioners to request a court hearing "within
90 days of filing the petition or otherwise be subject to dismissal
on the court’s own motion or on the motion of any party interested
therein." Upon the filing of the request, the court is required
to establish a schedule for the filing of all briefs in the action.
In the absence of good cause, that schedule must require briefing
to be completed within 90 days of the date the request for hearing
was filed. The hearing, "to the extent feasible," must
be held within 30 days thereafter. The parties may stipulate to
a different schedule with the approval of the court.
The statutes create two procedures for bringing a writ proceeding
to hearing: a noticed motion made by either party, or an application
for an alternative writ by the petitioner. Both procedures allow
for short briefing schedules and a prompt hearing date. Both procedures
presume, however, that the record will be prepared and presented
to the court quickly. In practice, many parties simply stipulate
to a hearing and briefing schedule and present the stipulation to
the court for approval.
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VII. BRIEFS
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The petitioner is most often the party submitting an
opening brief. Respondents and real parties in interest then file
opposing briefs (or possibly a single opposing brief), and the petitioner
then files a reply. If the respondent or real party in interest is
moving for judgment in their favor on the petition, these roles are
reversed. The respondent and real party in interest would file the
opening and reply briefs, with the petitioner filing its opposition
in between.
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VIII. HEARING
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The hearing on the merits in a CEQA case consists of
oral arguments by attorneys before the court, typically lasting anywhere
from an hour to half a day. The case is decided based on the briefs,
the oral argument and the record.
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IX. STATUS
OF PROJECT PENDING LITIGATION
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The pendency of a lawsuit challenging a CEQA determination
does not prevent further agency action. Public agencies may continue
to process approvals for the project. Approvals granted by public
agencies after a CEQA lawsuit is filed constitute permission to proceed
with the project at the applicant’s risk pending a final determination
of the case.
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